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Scottish actor (1930–2020)

Sir Sean Connery
Connery in 1983
Born	Thomas Connery (1930-08-25)25 August 1930 Edinburgh, Scotland
Died	31 October 2020(2020-10-31) (aged 90) Lyford Cay, Bahamas
Occupation	Thespian
Years active	1954–2007 2012
Works	Full list
Spouse(s)	Diane Cilento ​ ​ (m. 1962; div. 1973)​ Micheline Roquebrune ​ ​ (g. 1975)​
Children	Jason Connery
Relatives	Neil Connery (blood brother)
Website	seanconnery.com
Signature

Sir Sean Connery (built-in Thomas Connery; 25 August 1930 – 31 October 2020) was a Scottish thespian. He was the showtime player to portray fictional British hush-hush amanuensis James Bond on movie, starring in seven Bond films betwixt 1962 and 1983.^{[one] [2] [3]} Originating the role in Dr. No, Connery played Bond in six of Eon Productions' entries and fabricated his final appearance in Never Say Never Once more.

Connery began acting in smaller theatre and television productions until his breakout role as Bail. Although he did not enjoy the off-screen attention the role gave him, the success of the Bond films brought Connery offers from notable directors such as Alfred Hitchcock, Sidney Lumet and John Huston. Their films in which Connery appeared included Marnie (1964), The Hill (1965), Murder on the Orient Express (1974), and The Man Who Would Be King (1975). He also appeared in A Bridge Too Far (1977), Highlander (1986), The Name of the Rose (1986), The Untouchables (1987), Indiana Jones and the Terminal Crusade (1989), The Hunt for Cherry October (1990), Dragonheart (1996), The Stone (1996), and Finding Forrester (2000). Connery officially retired from acting in 2006, although he briefly returned for vox-over roles in 2012.

His achievements in film were recognised with an University Award, two BAFTA Awards (including the BAFTA Fellowship), and iii Golden Globes, including the Cecil B. DeMille Award and a Henrietta Award. In 1987, he was made a Commander of the Guild of Arts and Letters in France, and he received the Us Kennedy Center Honors lifetime accomplishment award in 1999. Connery was knighted in the 2000 New year Honours for services to motion picture drama.^[iv]

In 2004, a poll in the Britain Sunday Herald recognized Connery every bit "The Greatest Living Scot"^[5] and a 2011 EuroMillions survey named him "Scotland's Greatest Living National Treasure".^[6] He was voted by People magazine equally the "Sexiest Human Live" in 1989 and the "Sexiest Human of the Century" in 1999.^[vii]

Early on life

Sean Connery plaque near the site of his nascence in Fountainbridge, Edinburgh

Connery'southward nativity document

Thomas Connery was born at the Regal Maternity Hospital in Edinburgh, Scotland on 25 August 1930; he was named after his paternal grandfather.^{[8] [9]} He was brought up at No. 176 Fountainbridge, a block which has since been demolished.^[10] His mother, Euphemia McBain "Effie" McLean, was a cleaning woman. She was born the daughter of Neil McLean and Helen Forbes Ross, and named afterward her begetter'south mother, Euphemia McBain, wife of John McLean and girl of William McBain from Ceres in Fife.^{[11] [12] [13]} Connery'southward father, Joseph Connery, was a factory worker and lorry commuter.^{[fourteen] [15]}

Two of his paternal not bad-grandparents emigrated to Scotland from Wexford, Republic of ireland in the mid-19th century,^[sixteen] with his great-grandfather James Connery being an Irish Traveller.^[17] The remainder of his family unit was of Scottish descent, and his maternal great-grandparents were native Scottish Gaelic speakers from Fife and Uig on Skye.^{[18] [xix]} His father was a Roman Cosmic, and his mother was a Protestant. Connery had a younger brother Neil and was generally referred to in his youth every bit "Tommy".^[20] Although he was minor in primary school, he grew rapidly around the age of 12, reaching his full adult height of 6 ft ii in (188 cm) at 18.^[21] Connery was known during his teen years as "Big Tam", and he said that he lost his virginity to an adult woman in an ATS uniform at the historic period of fourteen.^{[22] [23]} He had an Irish gaelic childhood friend named Séamus;^[17] when the two were together, those who knew them both called Connery by his eye proper noun Sean, emphasizing the assonance of his personal and surnames.^[17] Since and then Connery preferred to use his middle name.^[17]

Connery'due south first job was equally a milkman in Edinburgh with St. Cuthbert'south Co-operative Club.^[24] In 2009, Connery recalled a chat in a taxi:

When I took a taxi during a recent Edinburgh Pic Festival, the commuter was amazed that I could put a name to every street we passed. "How come up?" he asked. "As a boy I used to deliver milk round here", I said. "Then what do you do now?" That was rather harder to reply.^[eighteen]

In 1946, at the age of 16, Connery joined the Royal Navy, during which time he caused two tattoos. Connery'due south official website says "dissimilar many tattoos, his were not frivolous — his tattoos reflect two of his lifelong commitments: his family and Scotland. ... One tattoo is a tribute to his parents and reads 'Mum and Dad', and the other is self-explanatory, 'Scotland Forever'".^[25] He trained in Portsmouth at the naval gunnery school and in an anti-shipping coiffure. He was later assigned as an Able Seaman on HMS Formidable.^[26] Connery was discharged from the navy at the age of 19 on medical grounds considering of a duodenal ulcer, a status that affected most of the males in previous generations of his family.^[27]

Later on, he returned to the co-op and worked equally a lorry commuter, a lifeguard at Portobello swimming baths, a labourer, an artist's model for the Edinburgh College of Fine art, and later on a proffer past former Mr. Scotland Archie Brennan,^{[28] [29]} every bit a bury polisher, among other jobs. The modelling earned him 15 shillings an hour.^[29] Creative person Richard Demarco, at the fourth dimension a student who painted several early pictures of Connery, described him as "very straight, slightly shy, too, too cute for words, a virtual Adonis".^[thirty]

Connery began bodybuilding at the age of eighteen, and from 1951 trained heavily with Ellington, a former gym teacher in the British Ground forces.^[31] While his official website states he was third in the 1950 Mr. Universe competition, nearly sources place him in the 1953 competition, either third in the Junior course^[32] or declining to place in the Tall Homo classification.^[33] Connery said he was soon deterred from bodybuilding when he found that Americans oftentimes beat him in competitions because of sheer muscle size and, unlike Connery, refused to participate in athletic activity which could make them lose musculus mass.^[34]

Connery was a keen footballer, having played for Bonnyrigg Rose in his younger days.^[35] He was offered a trial with East Fife. While on tour with South Pacific, Connery played in a football match against a local team that Matt Busby, manager of Manchester United, happened to exist scouting.^[36] According to reports, Busby was impressed with his physical prowess and offered Connery a contract worth £25 a week (equivalent to £714 in 2020) immediately after the game. Connery said he was tempted to accept, but he recalls, "I realised that a top-class footballer could exist over the loma by the historic period of 30, and I was already 23. I decided to become an actor and it turned out to be one of my more intelligent moves".^[37]

Career

Early career

Seeking to supplement his income, Connery helped out backstage at the King's Theatre in tardily 1951.^[32] During a bodybuilding competition held in London in 1953, one of the competitors mentioned that auditions were being held for a production of South Pacific,^[32] and Connery landed a small-scale part equally i of the Seabees chorus boys. Past the time the product reached Edinburgh, he had been given the part of Marine Cpl. Hamilton Steeves and was understudying two of the juvenile leads, and his salary was raised from £12 to £14–10s a week.^[38] The production returned the following year, out of pop need, and Connery was promoted to the featured role of Lieutenant Buzz Adams, which Larry Hagman had portrayed in the West Terminate.^[38]

While in Edinburgh, Connery was targeted past the Valdor gang, one of the nearly trigger-happy in the city. He was starting time approached by them in a billiard hall where he prevented them from stealing his jacket and was later on followed by six gang members to a 15-foot-high (4.half-dozen m) balcony at the Palais de Danse.^[39] There, Connery singlehandedly launched an attack against the gang members, grabbing ane by the pharynx and another past a biceps and cracked their heads together. From then on, he was treated with keen respect by the gang and gained a reputation every bit a "hard man".^[40]

Connery first met Michael Caine at a party during the production of S Pacific in 1954, and the two afterwards became close friends.^[38] During this production at the Opera House, Manchester over the Christmas period of 1954, Connery developed a serious interest in the theatre through American actor Robert Henderson who lent him copies of the Ibsen works Hedda Gabler, The Wild Duck, and When We Expressionless Awaken, and after listed works by the likes of Proust, Tolstoy, Turgenev, Bernard Shaw, Joyce, and Shakespeare for him to digest.^[41] Henderson urged him to have elocution lessons and got him parts at the Maida Vale Theatre in London. He had already begun a film career, having been an extra in Herbert Wilcox's 1954 musical Lilacs in the Spring alongside Anna Neagle.^[42]

Although Connery had secured several roles as extras, he was struggling to make ends meet, and was forced to have a function-time job equally a babysitter for announcer Peter Noble and his actress wife Marianne, which earned him ten shillings a night.^[42] He met Hollywood extra Shelley Winters ane night at Noble's house, who described Connery as "one of the tallest and most charming and masculine Scotsmen" she'd ever seen, and afterward spent many evenings with the Connery brothers drinking beer.^[42] Effectually this fourth dimension, Connery was residing at TV presenter Llew Gardner's business firm. Henderson landed Connery a office in a £6 a calendar week Q Theatre product of Agatha Christie's Witness for the Prosecution, during which he met and became friends with young man-Scot Ian Bannen.^[43] This function was followed past Betoken of Difference and A Witch in Time at Kew, a office equally Pentheus opposite Yvonne Mitchell in The Bacchae at the Oxford Playhouse, and a role opposite Jill Bennett in Eugene O'Neill's play Anna Christie.^[43]

During his time at the Oxford Theatre, Connery won a brief part as a boxer in the Tv series The Square Ring, before being spotted by Canadian director Alvin Rakoff, who gave him multiple roles in The Condemned, shot on location in Dover in Kent. In 1956, Connery appeared in the theatrical production of Epitaph, and played a minor role every bit a hoodlum in the "Ladies of the Manor" episode of the BBC Television police series Dixon of Dock Dark-green.^[43] This was followed past small-scale television parts in Sailor of Fortune and The Jack Benny Program (on a special episode filmed in Europe).^[43]

In early 1957, Connery hired agent Richard Hatton who got him his first film role, as Fasten, a minor gangster with a speech impediment in Montgomery Tully's No Road Back alongside Skip Homeier, Paul Carpenter, Patricia Dainton, and Norman Wooland.^[44] In April 1957, Rakoff – after being disappointed by Jack Palance – decided to requite the young thespian his showtime chance in a leading function, and bandage Connery as Mountain McLintock in BBC Television receiver'south production of Requiem for a Heavyweight, which also starred Warren Mitchell and Jacqueline Hill. He then played a rogue lorry commuter, Johnny Yates, in Cy Endfield'due south Hell Drivers (1957) alongside Stanley Baker, Herbert Lom, Peggy Cummins, and Patrick McGoohan.^[45] Later in 1957, Connery appeared in Terence Young's poorly received MGM activeness picture Action of the Tiger reverse Van Johnson, Martine Carol, Herbert Lom, and Gustavo Rojo; the film was shot on location in southern Spain.^{[46] [47]} He besides had a pocket-size function in Gerald Thomas's thriller Fourth dimension Lock (1957) every bit a welder, appearing alongside Robert Beatty, Lee Patterson, Betty McDowall, and Vincent Winter; this commenced filming on 1 December 1956 at Beaconsfield Studios.^[48]

Connery had a major office in the melodrama Another Time, Another Identify (1958) every bit a British reporter named Mark Trevor, defenseless in a dear thing opposite Lana Turner and Barry Sullivan. During filming, Turner's possessive gangster boyfriend, Johnny Stompanato, who was visiting from Los Angeles, believed she was having an affair with Connery.^[49] Connery and Turner had attended West Terminate shows and London restaurants together.^[50] Stompanato stormed onto the flick set and pointed a gun at Connery, just to have Connery disarm him and knock him flat on his back. Stompanato was banned from the set.^[51] Ii Scotland Yard detectives brash Stompanato to leave and escorted him to the drome, where he boarded a aeroplane back to the Us.^[52] Connery after recounted that he had to lay low for a while after receiving threats from men linked to Stompanato'south boss, Mickey Cohen.^[50]

In 1959, Connery landed a leading part in director Robert Stevenson's Walt Disney Productions film Darby O'Gill and the Little People (1959) alongside Albert Sharpe, Janet Munro, and Jimmy O'Dea. The flick is a tale about a wily Irishman and his battle of wits with leprechauns. Upon the pic'due south initial release, A. H. Weiler of The New York Times praised the bandage (save Connery whom he described every bit "but tall, dark, and handsome") and thought the movie an "overpoweringly charming concoction of standard Gaelic tall stories, fantasy and romance".^[53] He also had prominent boob tube roles in Rudolph Cartier's 1961 productions of Run a risk Story and Anna Karenina for BBC Goggle box, the latter of which he co-starred with Claire Bloom.^[54] Also in 1961 he portrayed the title role in a CBC tv movie adaptation of Shakespeare'southward Macbeth with Australian actress Zoe Caldwell cast every bit Lady Macbeth.^[55]

James Bond: 1962–1971, 1983

Connery'due south breakthrough came in the role of British secret amanuensis James Bond. He was reluctant to commit to a moving picture series, but understood that if the films succeeded, his career would greatly benefit.^[56] Between 1962 and 1967, Connery played 007 in Dr. No, From Russia with Dear, Goldfinger, Thunderball, and You But Live Twice, the first 5 Bail films produced by Eon Productions. After departing from the part, Connery returned for the seventh film, Diamonds Are Forever, in 1971. Connery fabricated his terminal appearance as Bail in Never Say Never Again, a 1983 remake of Thunderball produced by Jack Schwartzman's Taliafilm. All vii films were commercially successful. James Bond, every bit portrayed by Connery, was selected equally the tertiary-greatest hero in picture palace history by the American Moving-picture show Establish.^[57]

Connery's selection for the role of James Bond owed a lot to Dana Broccoli, married woman of producer Albert "Cubby" Broccoli, who is reputed to accept been instrumental in persuading her hubby that Connery was the right man.^[58] James Bond'south creator, Ian Fleming, originally doubted Connery's casting, maxim, "He'due south non what I envisioned of James Bail looks," and "I'm looking for Commander Bond and not an overgrown stunt-man", calculation that Connery (muscular, 6'ii", and a Scot) was unrefined.^[59] Fleming's girlfriend Blanche Blackwell told him Connery had the requisite sexual charisma, and Fleming changed his mind after the successful Dr. No première. He was so impressed, he wrote Connery'due south heritage into the character. In his 1964 novel Y'all Only Live Twice, Fleming wrote that Bond'due south father was Scottish and from Glencoe in the Scottish Highlands.^[59]

Connery'south portrayal of Bond owes much to stylistic tutelage from manager Terence Young, who helped polish him while using his physical grace and presence for the action. Lois Maxwell, who played Miss Moneypenny, related that "Terence took Sean under his wing. He took him to dinner, showed him how to walk, how to talk, even how to swallow".^[60] The tutoring was successful; Connery received thousands of fan letters a week afterward Dr. No's opening, and he became a major sexual practice symbol in film.^[61]

Following the release of the film Dr. No in 1962, the line "Bond ... James Bond", became a catch phrase in the dictionary of Western popular culture.^[62] Film critic Peter Bradshaw writes, "Information technology is the most famous self-introduction from whatsoever character in picture history. Three cool monosyllables, surname first, a piddling curtly, as befits a former naval commander. And so, as if in reconsideration, the first proper name, followed by the surname over again. Connery carried it off with icily disdainful style, in full evening dress with a cigarette hanging from his lips. The introduction was a kind of challenge, or seduction, invariably addressed to an enemy. In the early on 60s, Connery's James Bond was about as dangerous and sexy as information technology got on screen".^[63]

During the filming of Thunderball in 1965, Connery's life was in danger in the sequence with the sharks in Emilio Largo's pool. He had been concerned about this threat when he read the script. Connery insisted that Ken Adam build a special Plexiglas sectionalisation inside the pool, simply this was not a stock-still structure, and ane of the sharks managed to pass through it. He had to abandon the pool immediately.^[64]

Across Bail

Connery in Alfred Hitchcock's Marnie (1964)

Although Bond had made him a star, Connery grew tired of the role and the pressure the franchise put on him, maxim "[I am] fed upwards to here with the whole Bond chip"^[65] and "I accept always hated that damned James Bond. I'd like to kill him".^[66] Michael Caine said of the state of affairs, "If you were his friend in these early days you didn't raise the subject of Bond. He was, and is, a much better actor than just playing James Bond, but he became synonymous with Bail. He'd be walking down the street and people would say, 'Wait, there'south James Bond'. That was particularly upsetting to him".^[67]

While making the Bond films, Connery also starred in other films such as Alfred Hitchcock'southward Marnie (1964) and Sidney Lumet's The Loma (1965), which pic critic Peter Bradshaw regards as his two corking non-Bond pictures from the 1960s.^[63] In Marnie, Connery starred opposite Tippi Hedren. Connery had said he wanted to work with Hitchcock, which Eon bundled through their contacts.^[68] Connery also shocked many people at the fourth dimension past request to see a script, something he did considering he was worried nearly beingness typecast as a spy and he did not want to do a variation of North by Northwest or Notorious. When told by Hitchcock'south agent that Cary Grant had non asked to see fifty-fifty one of Hitchcock'southward scripts, Connery replied: "I'm not Cary Grant".^[69] Hitchcock and Connery got on well during filming, and Connery said he was happy with the film "with certain reservations".^[70] In The Hill, Connery wanted to human action in something that wasn't Bond related, and he used his leverage as a star to feature in information technology. While the moving-picture show wasn't a financial success it was a disquisitional ane, debuting at the Cannes Film Festival winning Best Screenplay.^[71] The first of five films he made with Lumet, Connery considered him to be one of his favourite directors.^[72] The respect was common, with Lumet proverb of Connery's performance in The Hill, "The thing that was apparent to me — and to most directors — was how much talent and ability it takes to play that kind of character who is based on amuse and magnetism. Information technology's the equivalent of high one-act and he did information technology brilliantly."^[73]

In the mid 1960s, Connery played golf game with Scottish industrialist Iain Maxwell Stewart,^[74] a connection which led to Connery directing and presenting the documentary film The Bowler and the Bunnet in 1967.^{[75] [76] [77]} The film described the Fairfield Experiment, a new approach to industrial relations carried out at the Fairfield Shipbuilding and Engineering science Company, Glasgow during the 1960s, initiated by Stewart, and supported by George Dark-brown, the First Secretary in Harold Wilson's chiffonier, in 1966.^{[78] [79]} The company was facing closure, and Brown agreed to provide £1 million to enable trade unions, the management and the shareholders to effort out new ways of industrial management.^[80]

Having played Bail six times, Connery'south global popularity was such that he shared a Golden Globe Henrietta Award with Charles Bronson for "World Film Favorite – Male" in 1972.^[81] He appeared in John Huston'southward The Man Who Would Exist Male monarch (1975) reverse Michael Caine. Playing two former British soldiers who set themselves up equally kings in Kafiristan, both actors regarded information technology as their favourite film.^{[82] [83]} The aforementioned year, he appeared in The Wind and the Lion reverse Candice Bergen who played Eden Pedecaris (based on the real-life Perdicaris incident), and in 1976 played Robin Hood in Robin and Marian opposite Audrey Hepburn, who played Maid Marian. Film critic Roger Ebert, who had praised the double act of Connery and Caine in The Man Who Would Be King, praised Connery'due south chemistry with Hepburn, writing: "Connery and Hepburn seem to have arrived at a tacit understanding between themselves about their characters. They glow. They really do seem in beloved".^[84]

During the 1970s Connery was part of ensemble casts in films such as Murder on the Orient Express (1974) with Vanessa Redgrave and John Gielgud, and played a British Army full general in Richard Attenborough'southward war film A Bridge Too Far (1977), co-starring Dirk Bogarde and Laurence Olivier.^[85] In 1974, he starred in John Boorman's sci-fi thriller Zardoz. Oftentimes called 1 of the "weirdest and worst movies ever made" it featured Connery in a red mankini – a revealing costume which generated much controversy for its unBond-like appearance.^{[86] [87]} Despite being panned by critics at the time, the motion-picture show has developed a cult following since its release.^{[88] [89]} In the audio commentary to the movie, Boorman relates how Connery would write poetry in his gratuitous fourth dimension, describing him equally "a man of corking depth and intelligence" and possessing the "virtually extraordinary memory".^[90] In 1981, Connery appeared in the motion-picture show Time Bandits as Agamemnon. The casting choice derives from a joke Michael Palin included in the script, which describes the character'due south removing his mask and existence "Sean Connery – or someone of equal but cheaper stature".^[91] When shown the script, Connery was happy to play the supporting role. In 1981 he portrayed Marshal William T. O'Niel in the science fiction thriller Outland. In 1982, Connery narrated One thousand'olé!, the official film of the 1982 FIFA Globe Cup.^[92] That same yr, he was offered the office of Daddy Warbucks in Annie, going as far as taking vox lessons for the John Huston musical before turning down the part.^[93]

Connery agreed to reprise Bond as an ageing agent 007 in Never Say Never Again, released in October 1983. The title, contributed by his wife, refers to his earlier statement that he would "never once again" render to the part. Although the film performed well at the box function, it was plagued with product problems: strife between the managing director and producer, financial problems, the Fleming manor trustees' attempts to halt the motion-picture show, and Connery'due south wrist existence cleaved by fight choreographer, Steven Seagal. Every bit a result of his negative experiences during filming, Connery became unhappy with the major studios and did not brand any films for 2 years. Following the successful European production The Name of the Rose (1986), for which he won a BAFTA Award for Best Actor, Connery'due south interest in more commercial material was revived.^[94] That aforementioned year, a supporting function in Highlander showcased his ability to play older mentors to younger leads, which became a recurring office in many of his later films.^[95]

In 1987, Connery starred in Brian De Palma'south The Untouchables, where he played a hard-nosed Irish-American cop alongside Kevin Costner's Eliot Ness. The film too starred Charles Martin Smith, Patricia Clarkson, Andy Garcia, and Robert De Niro as Al Capone. The motion picture was a critical and box office success. Many critics praised Connery for his operation including Roger Ebert who wrote "The best performance in the moving picture is Connery... [he] brings a homo element to his graphic symbol; he seems to have had an being apart from the legend of the Untouchables, and when he'south onscreen we can believe, briefly, that the Prohibition Era was inhabited by people, non caricatures".^[96] For his operation Connery received the University Accolade for All-time Supporting Histrion.^[97]

Connery starred in Steven Spielberg's Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989), playing Henry Jones, Sr., the title character'due south father, and received BAFTA and Golden World Award nominations. Harrison Ford said Connery'southward contributions at the writing phase enhanced the motion-picture show. "It was amazing for me in how far he got into the script and went later exploiting opportunities for character. His suggestions to George [Lucas] at the writing stage really gave the character and the motion-picture show a lot more than complexity and value than it had in the original screenplay".^[98] His subsequent box-function hits included The Hunt for Red Oct (1990), The Russia Business firm (1990), The Stone (1996), and Entrapment (1999). In 1996, he voiced the role of Draco the dragon in the pic Dragonheart. He also appeared in a brief cameo as Rex Richard the Lionheart at the end of Robin Hood: Prince of Thieves (1991).^[99] In 1998, Connery received the BAFTA Fellowship, a lifetime achievement award from the British University of Film and Boob tube Arts.^[100]

Connery's later films included several box part and disquisitional disappointments such equally First Knight (1995), Merely Cause (1995), The Avengers (1998), and The League of Extraordinary Gentlemen (2003); nevertheless, he received positive reviews for his performance in Finding Forrester (2000). He also received a Crystal Globe for outstanding artistic contribution to world cinema. In a 2003 UK poll conducted by Channel 4, Connery was ranked eighth on their list of the 100 Greatest Movie Stars.^[101] The failure of The League of Boggling Gentlemen was specially frustrating for Connery. He sensed during shooting that the product was "going off the rail", and announced that the director, Stephen Norrington should be "locked up for insanity". Connery spent considerable effort in trying to save the film through the editing process, ultimately deciding to retire from acting rather than go through such stress ever again.^[102]

Connery turned downward the role of Gandalf in The Lord of the Rings films, saying he did not sympathize the script.^[103] He was reportedly offered US$30 million along with xv% of the worldwide box part receipts, which would take earned him US$450 meg.^{[104] [105]} He besides turned downward the opportunity to appear equally Albus Dumbledore in the Harry Potter series and the Builder in The Matrix trilogy.^{[106] [107]} In 2005, he recorded voiceovers for the From Russia with Love video game with recording producer Terry Manning in The Bahama islands, and provided his likeness.^{[108] [109]} Connery said he was happy the producers, Electronic Arts, had approached him to vocalism Bond.^[110]

Retirement

When Connery received the American Film Institute's Lifetime Achievement Accolade on 8 June 2006, he confirmed his retirement from acting.^[111] Connery'southward disillusionment with the "idiots now making films in Hollywood" was cited as a reason for his decision to retire.^[112] On vii June 2007, he denied rumours that he would appear in the fourth Indiana Jones movie, saying "retirement is simply besides much damned fun".^[113] In 2010, a bronze bust sculpture of Connery was placed in Tallinn, Estonia, outside The Scottish Society, whose membership includes Estonian Scotophiles and a handful of expatriate Scots.^[114] In 2012, Connery briefly came out of retirement to vocalisation the championship character in the Scottish animated film Sir Billi the Vet. Connery served equally executive producer for an expanded 80-minute version.^[115]

Personal life

During the production of South Pacific in the mid-1950s, Connery dated a Jewish "dark-haired beauty with a ballerina's figure", Ballad Sopel, merely was warned off past her family unit.^[116] He then dated Julie Hamilton, girl of documentary filmmaker and feminist Jill Craigie. Given Connery's rugged appearance and rough charm, Hamilton initially thought he was an appalling person and was not attracted to him until she saw him in a kilt, declaring him to be the most cute thing she had ever seen in her life.^[117] He likewise shared a common attraction with jazz singer Maxine Daniels, whom he met at the Empire Theatre. He fabricated a laissez passer at her, but she told him she was already happily married with a daughter.^[118]

Connery was married to actress Diane Cilento from 1962 to 1973, though they separated in 1971. They had a son, actor Jason Joseph. While they were separated, Connery dated Jill St. John,^[119] Lana Wood,^[120] Carole Mallory,^[121] and Magda Konopka.^[122] In her 2006 autobiography, Cilento alleged that he had abused her mentally and physically during their relationship.^{[123] [124]} Connery cancelled an appearance at the Scottish Parliament in 2006 considering of controversy over his alleged support of corruption of women. He denied claims he told Playboy mag in 1965, "I don't think there is anything particularly incorrect in striking a woman, though I don't recommend you do it in the same way y'all hit a man", and was likewise reported to have stated to Vanity Off-white in 1993, "In that location are women who have information technology to the wire. That'southward what they are looking for, the ultimate confrontation. They want a smack".^[125] In 2006, Connery told The Times of London, "I don't believe that any level of corruption of women is ever justified nether whatever circumstances. Full stop".^[126]

Connery was married to French-Moroccan painter Micheline Roquebrune (born 4 Apr 1929) from 1975 until his death.^[128] The wedlock survived a well-documented matter Connery had in the late 1980s with the vocalizer and songwriter Lynsey de Paul, which she later bitterly regretted due to his views concerning domestic violence.^[129]

Connery owned the Domaine de Terre Blanche in the South of French republic from 1979.^[130] He sold it to German billionaire Dietmar Hopp in 1999.^[131] He was awarded an honorary rank of Shodan (1st dan) in Kyokushin karate.^[132] Connery relocated to The Bahamas in the 1990s; he endemic a mansion in Lyford Cay on New Providence.^[133]

Connery was knighted by the Queen at an investiture anniversary at Holyrood Palace in Edinburgh on 5 July 2000.^[134] He had been nominated for a knighthood in 1997 and 1998, simply these nominations were reportedly vetoed past Donald Dewar owing to Connery's political views.^{[66] [135]} Connery had a villa in Kranidi, Hellenic republic. His neighbour was King Willem-Alexander of kingdom of the netherlands, with whom he shared a helicopter platform.^[136] Michael Caine (who co-starred with Connery in The Man Who Would Exist King in 1975) was among Connery's closest friends.^[137]

Connery was granted armorial bearings including heraldic supporters in 2018 by the Lord Lyon King of Arms, the caput of Scotland's heraldic authority.^[138] The armorial bearings included golf game clubs and an Oscar statuette, with the painting subtly containing "007" in the compartment. Supporters are normally only granted to association chiefs, peers, and members of the senior ranks of orders of chivalry.^[139]

Growing up Connery supported the Scottish football game gild Celtic F.C., having been introduced to the society past his father who was a lifelong fan of the team. Later in life, Connery switch his loyalty to Celtic's bitter rival, Rangers F.C., after he became shut friends with the team's chairman, David Murray.^[140] He was a nifty golfer, introduced to the game past his friend Iain Stewart.^[75] English language professional golfer Peter Alliss gave Connery golf lessons before the filming of the 1964 James Bond film Goldfinger, which involved a scene where Connery, equally Bond, played golf against gold magnate Auric Goldfinger at Stoke Park Golf Club in Buckinghamshire.^[141] The golf scene saw him wear a Slazenger v-neck sweater, a brand which Connery became associated with while playing golf in his free time, with a light grayness marl existence a favoured color.^[142] Record major title winner and golf form designer Jack Nicklaus said, "He loved the game of golf – Sean was a pretty darn skillful golfer! – and we played together several times. In May 1993, Sean and legendary driver Jackie Stewart helped me open up our design of the PGA Centenary Course at Gleneagles in Scotland".^[143]

Political views

Connery'due south Scottish roots and his experiences in filming in Glasgow's shipyards in 1966 inspired him to become a member of the heart-left Scottish National Party (SNP),^{[144] [145]} which supports Scottish independence from the United Kingdom (in 2011, Connery said "The Bowler and the Bunnet was just the starting time of a journeying that would lead to my long clan with the Scottish National Party").^[75] Connery supported the political party both financially^[146] and through personal appearances. In 1967, he wrote to George Leslie, the SNP candidate in the 1967 Glasgow Pollok by-election, saying, "I am convinced that with our resources and skills we are more than capable of building a prosperous, vigorous and modern cocky-governing Scotland in which we tin all accept pride and which volition deserve the respect of other nations."^[147] His funding of the SNP ceased in 2001, when the Parliament of the U.k. passed legislation prohibiting overseas funding of political activities in the United Kingdom.^[146]

Tax status

In response to accusations that he was a tax exile, Connery released documents in 2003 showing he had paid £three.7 million in Britain taxes betwixt 1997 and 1998 and betwixt 2002 and 2003; critics pointed out that had he been continuously residing in the UK for taxation purposes, his tax charge per unit would have been far higher.^{[148] [149]} In the run-upward to the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, Connery'southward blood brother Neil said Connery would not come to Scotland to rally independence supporters, since his tax exile status greatly express the number of days he could spend in the country.^[150]

Afterwards Connery sold his Marbella villa in 1999, Castilian authorities launched a tax evasion investigation, alleging that the Spanish treasury had been defrauded of £5.five million. Connery was subsequently cleared by officials, but his married woman and 16 others were charged with attempting to defraud the Spanish treasury.^{[151] [152]}

Death

Connery died in his sleep on 31 October 2020, aged xc, at his home in the Lyford Cay community of Nassau in The Bahamas.^{[1] [2]} His death was appear by his family and Eon Productions;^[153] although they did non disclose the cause of death, his son Jason said he had been unwell for some fourth dimension.^{[154] [155] [156]} A twenty-four hours later, Roquebrune revealed he had dementia in his final years.^[157] Connery's death certificate was obtained past TMZ a month after his death, showing the crusade of expiry was pneumonia and cardiopulmonary failure, with dementia as an underlying crusade, and the fourth dimension of expiry was listed every bit 1:30 a.m.^[158] He was cremated later on his death, and his ashes will exist scattered in Scotland at a appointment withal to be determined.^[159]

Following the announcement of his death, many co-stars and figures from the amusement industry paid tribute to Connery, including Sam Neill,^[160] Nicolas Cage, Robert De Niro, Michael Bay, Tippi Hedren,^[161] Alec Baldwin,^[162] Hugh Jackman, George Lucas, Shirley Bassey, Kevin Costner, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Barbra Streisand, John Cleese,^[163] Jane Seymour and Harrison Ford,^[164] equally well as sometime Bond stars George Lazenby, Timothy Dalton and Pierce Brosnan,^[165] the family unit of late former Bail actor Roger Moore and then-current 007 Daniel Craig.^[166] Connery's longtime friend Michael Caine called him a "great star, brilliant histrion and a wonderful friend".^[167] James Bond producers Michael One thousand. Wilson and Barbara Broccoli released a argument saying Connery had "revolutionized the world with his gritty and witty portrayal of the sexy and charismatic secret agent. He is undoubtedly largely responsible for the success of the picture show series and we shall exist forever grateful to him".^{[153] [166]}

Accolades

Honours

• 1987: Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters from France^[176]
• 1998: British Academy Film Fellowship^[177]
• 1999: Kennedy Center Honors^[178]
• 2000: Received Knighthood from Queen Elizabeth II^[179]
• 2005: European Picture show Awards Lifetime Achievement Honour^[180]
• 2006: AFI Life Achievement Award^[111]

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Bibliography

• Broccoli, Albert R.; Zec, Donald (1999). When the Snow Melts: The Autobiography of Cubby Broccoli. Trans-Atlantic Publications.
• Cohen, Susan; Cohen, Daniel (1985). Hollywood Hunks and Heroes. New York City: Exeter Books. p. 33. ISBN978-0-671-07528-half-dozen. OCLC 12644589.
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• Sellers, Robert (1999). Sean Connery: A Celebration. Robert Hale. ISBN978-0-7090-6125-0 . Retrieved 14 July 2011.
• Yule, Andrew (1992). Sean Connery: Neither Shaken Nor Stirred. Little, Brownish Book Grouping. ISBN978-0-7515-4097-0.

External links